Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), including sport-related concussion, has become a major health issue. Nearly 10% of mTBI patients (aged 0-18 years) are symptomatic with post-concussion syndrome (PCS) three months after injury. Persistent post-concussion symptoms often result in significant disability and family burden. However, the biological explanation for these prolonged PCS symptoms remains unclear.

The incidence of pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) in North America is alarmingly high; studies suggest that mild TBI (mTBI) make up 70-80% of all cases reported.