A key paradigm in the critical care of patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is avoidance of physiologic derangements that may contribute to "secondary" brain injury

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), including sport-related concussion, has become a major health issue. Nearly 10% of mTBI patients (aged 0-18 years) are symptomatic with post-concussion syndrome (PCS) three months after injury. Persistent post-concussion symptoms often result in significant disability and family burden. However, the biological explanation for these prolonged PCS symptoms remains unclear.